Incretin axis in cardiometabolic disease: molecular and systemic mechanisms of GLP-1 and GIP therapies
Keywords:
incretin axis, GLP-1, GIP, cardiometabolic diseaseAbstract
The incretin axis plays a central role in glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis, and its dysregulation is a key mechanism in type 2 diabetes, obesity and all accompanying cardiometabolic diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) act through receptor-mediated pathways affecting not only the pancreatic function, but also the cardiovascular system, the adipose tissue, the liver and the central nervous system. Contemporary therapeutic approaches, including GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual incretin therapies, demonstrate a variety of effects beyond glycemic control. This review aimed to summarize molecular and systemic mechanisms of these therapies, as well as their clinical relevance in cardiometabolic diseases.
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