Obesity in adolescents: factors, consequences, and prevention strategies through health education and awareness

Abstract

Abstract. Introduction: Reduced physical activity among children is a significant public health issue linked to a higher risk of obesity, metabolic disorders, and poor mental well-being. The increasing amount of time children spend in front of screens calls for innovative strategies to engage them in physical activity. Recent technological advancements could help adolescents increase physical activity through gamification, social challenges, and interactive missions. In this way, physical activity can increase within family environments. This study aims to assess the level of physical activity among children in Bulgaria, based on their parents' perceptions, and to evaluate their willingness to use innovative digital solutions for physical activity.

Materials and methods: A pilot online survey was conducted via Google Forms among parents of children aged 5-16. The survey included questions related to activity levels, barriers to physical activity, and attitudes toward digital interventions. The results were analyzed and described in Microsoft Excel. MedCalc was used for statistical analysis. There is a notable correlation between age-appropriate physical activities and the time children spend in front of screens, including the use of mobile games that promote movement through enjoyable games and challenges.

Results: In terms of physical activity, 57% of parents believe that their child is sufficiently active, while 43% report insufficient activity. The main barriers to activity include limited time, the temptation of electronic devices, and low motivation. 62% of respondents are willing to use an app to encourage exercise, while only 4% are not. The most preferred digital features are games, challenges, and sharing results with peers.

Conclusion: Parents are willing to use digital tools to increase their children's physical activity. By incorporating game elements, exercise becomes fun, and social aspects foster community spirit, motivating kids to stay active together. Family involvement strengthens bonds and provides role models, thus promoting physical and emotional well-being.