Application of multi-biomarker approach in cardiovascular risk assessment to assist general practitioner

Authors

  • D. Koleva-Tyutyundzhieva Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Plovdiv Author
  • P. Stanchev Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Plovdiv Author
  • Z. Ambareva Department of Urology and General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Plovdiv Author
  • D. Mileva Department of Urology and General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Plovdiv Author
  • M. Hristamyan Department of Epidemiology and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University – Plovdiv Author
  • M. Orbetzova Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Plovdiv Author
  • R. Asenova Department of Urology and General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Plovdiv Author

Keywords:

lipoprotein(a), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, LDL cholesterol, biomarkers, cardiovascular risk

Abstract

Abstract. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide – a fact that presents significant challenges for general practitioners in terms of early identification of at-risk individuals and the development of effective prevention strategies. Despite the widespread use of statins and modern lipid-lowering therapies, a substantial proportion of patients continues to exhibit residual cardiovascular risk. In this context, the importance of certain additional biomarkers is increasing, as they may support more informed clinical decision-making in primary care. This review highlights three key biomarkers: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). While LDL-C remains the primary therapeutic target, Lp(a) is a genetically determined factor with limited response to standard therapy, and hsCRP serves as a reliable marker of low-grade chronic inflammation and an independent risk predictor. Undoubtedly, the combined use of these biomarkers in general practice could enhance risk stratification, enable a more personalized therapeutic approach, and improve preventive outcomes in both asymptomatic individuals and those with established CVD.

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Published

20.04.2026

Issue

Vol. 28 No. 2 (2026): General Medicine

Section

Scientific reviews

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How to Cite

Application of multi-biomarker approach in cardiovascular risk assessment to assist general practitioner (D. Koleva-Tyutyundzhieva, P. Stanchev, Z. Ambareva, D. Mileva, M. Hristamyan, M. Orbetzova, & R. Asenova , Trans.). (2026). General Medicine, 28(2), 33-40. https://journals.mu-sofia.bg/index.php/gm/article/view/780

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