Impact of ultraviolet radiation on the aviation personnel: risks, exposure, and prevention
Keywords:
ultraviolet radiation, aviation personnel, occupational exposure, health risk, climate change, preventionAbstract
This review provides a detailed examination of the physical properties of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including its spectral distribution. The differences in the photochemical activity of these radiations are highlighted, as well as the mechanisms by which they interact with biological tissues. Emphasis is placed on DNA damage, which plays a key role in the initiation of mutagenic and carcinogenic processes. The clinical manifestations of chronic UV exposure are also discussed, including skin photoaging, hyperpigmentation, increased risk of carcinomas and melanoma, as well as ocular damage, such as cataracts and retinal degeneration. In the context of global climate change, the ongoing depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer and the increased transmission of UV-B radiation are identified as significant public health challenges. Growing scientific evidence underscores that aviation personnel constitute a population with heightened vulnerability, necessitating a systematic approach to risk management. Accordingly, the review emphasizes the need for comprehensive preventive strategies, including: monitoring of UV exposure through personal dosimeters and contemporary models assessing radiation levels across different flight routes and altitudes; optimization of protective measures, such as improved glazing materials, the use of UV-filtering technologies, standardized protective clothing, and individual photoprotection; enhanced awareness and training for aviation professionals regarding risks, biological mechanisms of UV impact, and effective exposure-reduction practices. The review concludes that only an integrated and scientifically grounded approach can effectively mitigate the long-term health consequences of UV radiation for aviation personnel and ensure sustainable improvements in occupational safety within the aviation industry.
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