Роля на ROS, RNS, IL-6, TNF-алфа, хемокини, острофазови протеини и простагландини в развитието на острото одонтогенно възпаление
Ключови думи :
остро одонтогенно възпаление, ROS, RNS, IL-6, TNF-алфаАбстракт
Възпалението представлява комплекс от реакции, развиващи се в тъканите в отговор на действието на разнообразни фактори и по същество представлява защитен имунен отговор, който се осъществява от макроорганизма срещу патогените. Острите одонтогенни възпалителни процеси са от бактериален характер и развитието им преминава през четири фази. Вродената имунна система разпознава широка гама от различни патогени – вируси, бактерии, гъби, чрез специфични рецептори, известни в литературата като pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Ако възможностите на вродения имунитет се окажат недостатъчни да се справи с патогените, се включват механизмите на придобития имунитет чрез активиране на Т- и В-лимфоцитите. Значима е ролята на клетъчни и молекулярни биомаркери, най-съществените от които са: ROS (Reactive oxygen species) и RNS (reactive nitrogen species); деривати на ДНК; цитокини като интерлевкин-6 (IL-6) и тумор-некротизиращ фактор-алфа, както и хемокини; острофазови протеини, като С-реактивния протеин (CRP); простагландини; метаболити на циклооксигеназите; растежни фактори, свързани с възпалението, и транскрипционни фактори като ядрения фактор-kappa B (NF-kappa B); клетки на имунната система. Изясняването на процесите, свързани с възникването и развитието на възпалителния процес, има ключово значение за оптимизиране на лечението на острите одонтогенни възпаления.
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