Влияние на ваксината срещу човешки папиломен вирус върху заболяемостта от рак на маточната шийка в Европа и България: обзор на тенденциите
Ключови думи :
ваксина, ефективност, карцином на маточната шийка, превенция, човешки папиломен вирусАбстракт
Ракът на маточната шийка е глобален здравен проблем, отличаващ се с висока смъртност и инвалидизация сред женската популация. Основният етиологичен фактор е персистиращата инфекция, причинена от човешки папилома вирус (HPV). През последните десетилетия стратегиите за контрол включват въвеждане на профилактични ваксини, ефективен скрининг за наличие на HPV и препоръки, насочени към елиминиране карцинома на маточната шийка. Целта на проучването е да се извърши обзор върху влиянието на ваксината срещу HPV върху заболяемостта от рак на маточната шийка в Европа и в България. Проведено е насочено търсене в база данни на PubMed по ключови думи (основно на английски език) и публикации на автори от страната. Настоящият обзор обобщава доказателствата за ефективността на имунизационните програми срещу HPV в европейски държави с висок ваксинационен обхват и предлага препоръки за тяхното приложение в България. В страните с добре развити системи за ранна диагностика и превенция на рака на маточната шийка се отчитат значително по-ниски заболяемост и смъртност, свързани с това заболяване. Включването на момчета в имунизационните програми засилва колективния имунитет, а въвеждането на Националната програма за първична профилактика на HPV асоциирани ракови заболявания (2025-2030) представлява ключова стъпка към ефективна и всеобхватна защита на населението. Общопрактикуващите лекари играят решаваща роля за успеха на националната HPV програма чрез активно информиране, насърчаване и прилагане на ваксинацията сред подрастващите.
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