Novelties in locoregional, systemic and multimodal treatment of primary malignant liver tumors

Abstract

Abstract. Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for approximately 90% of all primary liver cancers and is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, ranking second among the most common causes of cancer death. Primary liver cancer is defined as a malignant neoplasm originating from cells in the liver, including hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, or their progenitor cells. Objective: to analyze the latest developments in locoregional techniques and systemic and multimodal treatment of primary liver tumors. Materials and Methods: systematic review of scientific publications through documentary analysis and content analysis of scientific publications selected by predefined key words. Results and Discussion: over the last decade, there has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of primary liver cancer. The integration of transarterial therapies, targeted agents, and immune checkpoint inhibitors has significantly prolonged survival and transformed the therapeutic landscape. These advances require complex, multidisciplinary decisions regarding the sequence of therapies and patient management. Advances in molecular biology have transformed therapeutic approaches, particularly in ICC, where treatment is now guided by biomarkers, and in HCC, where immunotherapeutic combinations have set a new standard of care.